Manitoba: Analysis for the Month of April

Over the continuous span of 109 years, the temperature in April has been higher in the southwest and southern parts.

The April temperature trend is still divided into three periods. Unlike the previous three months, between 1915 and 1964, a very small part of the northeastern edge of Manitoba exhibited a significant cooling trend. From 1965 to 2023, the small cooling area shifted to the central part. Throughout the period from 1915 to 2023, a large region in the east still shows a warming trend.

Manitoba: Analysis for the Month of March

The temperature in March over the continuous span of 109 years has mostly presented a pattern of being higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. Among this, the March temperature in 2023 was relatively low compared to the past ten years.

The March temperature trend is also divided into three periods. Between 1915 and 1964, there were no temperature trends in March that passed the significance level. Between 1965 and 2023, only the area near Winnipeg in the entire Manitoba had some significant warming trends, and the vast majority of areas had no noticeable temperature trends. Looking at the full period from 1915 to 2023, the warming area significantly expanded, covering almost all of Manitoba.

Manitoba: Analysis for the Month of February

As can be seen from the following figures, the February temperature in Manitoba has generally maintained a pattern of being higher in the south and lower in the north over 109 years. Upon closer examination of February 2023, unusually low temperatures were observed in the northeastern region, a situation not seen in many years.

For the calculation of the February temperature's time trend, we have also divided it into three periods. In the first period from 1915 to 1964, there is absolutely no time trend that reaches a significant level. In the other two periods, although there are regions with warming that passes the significance level, the warming areas between the two periods do not overlap, and their warming magnitude and range are both smaller than in January.

Manitoba: Analysis for the Month of January

The weather observation data from the Manitoba meteorological station sites have been used as the input, and the local spatial distribution of temperature data for over a hundred continuous months has been obtained through ANUSPLIN interpolation. This is the foundation of our data analysis in this series.

This is the first part of the series, a January analysis, with a time range from 1915 to 2023. Temperatures are represented with deep red for higher temperatures and deep blue for lower temperatures. As shown in the following chart, over each decade, the frequency of warmer January temperatures has notably increased compared to cooler ones.

The temperature in January has been continuous for a total of 109 years, and our research divides them into three periods to calculate and identify their time series trends. From the calculated results, there is absolutely no significant time series trend in the study area between 1915 and 1964. In the other two periods, as shown in the following chart, the vast majority of areas show a significant warming trend. It was also found that the warming trend between 1965 and 2023 is noticeably higher than between 1915 and 2023.

ANUSPLIN: Configuration of Interpolation Range

The original elevation has a spatial resolution of 0.0041666665°, with a total of 3124 columns and 2641 rows, as shown in the figure below:

Observing the above figure, we can see that the longitude range is from -102.0083363186 to -88.9916701726, and the latitude range is from 48.99791691515 to 60.00208314165. If the cmd file of the lapgrd process directly uses the mentioned range as the interpolation range, it will result in an error. The reason for this error is that:

1 2	-102.0083363186+3124*0.0041666665=-88.9917 48.99791691515+2641*0.0041666665=60.0021

So, the range in the cmd file of lapgrd should be represented as follows:

1 2	-102.0083363186 -88.9917 0.0041666665 48.99791691515 60.0021 0.0041666665

If the error message 'GETLIM - LIMITS EXCEED SURFACE COORDINATE LIMITS' is encountered, the root cause of the issue may be that the range set in the 'splina' command is smaller than the actual DEM (Digital Elevation Model) range. To resolve this, simply adjust the range in the 'splina' command to be slightly larger to cover the entire extent of the DEM. This should allow the interpolation process to proceed without encountering the error.

Share another successful case study:

Lapgrd:

1 2	0.29531831E+06 0.17793583E+07 30 0.24045270E+07 0.40906770E+07 30

When the spatial extent of the lapgrd's cmd file is difficult to determine, consider specifying the spatial range precisely in the splina's cmd file, and use the .sur file obtained from splina's computation to determine the spatial extent of lapgrd.

当插值温度（或者其他情况需要表面协变量的）时，需要同时输出多个表面结果，需要注意此时的DEM文件在第二步的参数中需要多次设置，设置数量要与输出数量一致。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

TEM11.sur 0 1 TEM11.cov 0 1 1 8871611.457651 10396111.457651 250 2 5131802.4564656 6137302.4564656 250 0 2 dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt dem1.txt 2 -99.0 tem200001.grd tem200002.grd tem200003.grd tem200004.grd tem200005.grd tem200006.grd tem200007.grd tem200008.grd tem200009.grd tem200010.grd tem200011.grd tem200012.grd (100f10.3)

不建议批量插值，可能会出现意想不到的错误，推荐是一次插值一张而已。

Video: Video processing toolkit

This toolkit includes functions for video merging, editing, and compression.File

[20231202 Updated]Add new feature to merge two videos either horizontally or vertically. File

[20240109 Updated]Trim multiple audio and video files in sequence. File

[20250810 Update]Merge audio and video files. file. and Extract the frames from the input videos.

[20250811 Updated]Conversion from m4a to mp3. file.

[Matlab]Download Canadian Meteorological Data（1981~present）

加拿大各省气象站数据，请使用程序下载。File 数据整理 CaStationinfo. File2.0

参考文献

1.Climate data (normals, daily, monthly) in CSV format.